SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide • 4 Amino Acids
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (where Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) and a molecular weight of 639.8 g/mol. Its alternating aromatic-cationic motif drives rapid, energy-independent uptake into the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), where it concentrates over 1000-fold relative to extracellular levels. SS-31 exerts its primary effects through selective binding to cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to the IMM that is essential for electron transport chain (ETC) complex organization and cristae architecture. This cardiolipin interaction stabilizes ETC supercomplexes and optimizes electron transfer efficiency.
Key Research Findings:
- In preclinical models, SS-31 improved ATP production efficiency by stabilizing Complex III and Complex IV supercomplex assembly on the inner mitochondrial membrane
- In vitro studies demonstrated a 40-60% reduction in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production without acting as a direct free radical scavenger
- Rodent studies showed restoration of normal mitochondrial cristae ultrastructure in aged cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue
- Preclinical ischemia-reperfusion models demonstrated significant preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduction in cytochrome c release
For laboratory and research use only.
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Technical Details & Purity Analysis
Documented Studies & Applications
This peptide is intended for laboratory research purposes only. Below are documented research applications.
Storage & Reconstitution
Storage Conditions
Store lyophilized peptide at -20°C for long-term storage (up to 24 months). For short-term storage (up to 4 weeks), 4°C is acceptable. Keep away from light and moisture.
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water or sterile water. Add solvent slowly down the side of the vial. Do not shake vigorously. Store reconstituted peptide at 4°C.
Handling Precautions
Handle with appropriate laboratory safety equipment. This product is for research use only and not for human consumption.